Built for softwarethat runs on its own.

Engineering and design software

CAD, simulation and chip-design tools on engineers' own workstations.

These are some of the most valuable programs anyone installs, and their licences usually depend on regular check-ins. Design networks are often kept separate from the internet.

Locks each seat to the workstation's own chip and verifies it with no connection, for as long as the licence runs. Leaked copies point back to the seat they came from.

The PLM software market reached $88.3 billion in 2025⁹. Autodesk's named-user licences can run offline for 30 days at most⁸.

Factory and industrial software

Tools that program machines, and the screens that run production lines.

Plant networks are meant to stay off the internet. Licence keys are often carried in on USB sticks, and a tampered update can stop a line.

Licences verify on the machine with no connection. Every release is recorded on a public register, so a plant can check an update is genuinely yours before installing it. On Business, a release can refuse to run if the machine's boot setup changes.

The first protective step US agencies give for factory systems is to remove their connections to the public internet¹⁰. Industrial software was worth about $146 billion in 2023¹¹.

Medical devices and laboratory instruments

Imaging workstations, instrument software and clinical tools.

Device makers must now tell regulators exactly what software is inside their products. Many clinical computers sit on closed hospital networks.

Gives every release a verifiable public record of exactly what shipped, and licences that work on isolated networks. It supports that work; it is not a regulatory certification in itself.

Since 2023 the FDA has required makers of connected medical devices to provide a software bill of materials¹². About one in five connected medical devices runs an unsupported operating system¹³.

Defence, government and critical sites

Networks that are deliberately cut off from the outside world.

Some of the most important software runs where no outside server can ever be reached, in places militaries describe as denied or disconnected.

Runs fully offline, can be installed entirely on the customer's own premises, and lets them run their own release-checking service.

The US Department of Defense requested $14.5 billion for cyberspace activities in 2025 alone¹⁴.

Audio plugins, creative tools and fonts

Music, video and design software sold to individual creators.

This market leans on USB dongles and cloud licence sessions. Lose the dongle and you may pay again; when the cloud goes down, studios stop.

No dongle to ship or lose and no cloud session to fail: the chip is already in the computer. Marked copies of samples and presets trace leaks.

The leading dongle maker reports 12 million users and over 250 million licences issued¹⁵. In 2019 its cloud outage left Pro Tools users unable to work⁷. One vendor's policy: a lost dongle means buying a new licence at full price⁶.

PC games and pre-release builds

Single-player games, and the review copies sent out before launch.

Players resent games that stop working when servers shut down. Studios suffer when early copies sent to reviewers leak.

A purchased game keeps working offline for good. Each reviewer's copy is marked, so a leak names its source. Pramaan is not built to stop crackers; it is built to make leaks traceable.

PC games earned $43.6 billion in 2025¹⁶. A European citizens' petition against games made unplayable by server shutdowns gathered 1.29 million verified signatures¹⁷.

On-device AI models

AI models that run on the customer's own computer rather than in the cloud.

A trained model is a file worth millions, and once it leaks it cannot be recalled.

Today: the model ships encrypted and only opens on the licensed computer's chip. Marking each customer's copy of a model needs a custom marking scheme, which we build with Enterprise customers.

Meta's LLaMA model leaked publicly within about a week of its limited release in 2023¹⁸. RAND found 38 distinct ways attackers go after model weights, most already used¹⁹.

Every software release

Any vendor whose customers need to know an update really came from them.

Attackers increasingly slip malicious code into genuine-looking updates, and new rules require vendors to show where their software came from.

Records every release on a public register at the moment you publish it. Customers can check that what they installed is exactly what you shipped.

The 2020 SolarWinds attack reached fewer than 18,000 customers through a tampered update²¹. In 2024 a backdoor was found in the widely used XZ Utils library²⁰. The EU Cyber Resilience Act's obligations apply from 2026 and 2027²².

Software that must outlive its maker

Products customers rely on for years, whatever happens to the vendor.

When a company closes or switches off its servers, products that phone home can simply stop working.

Nothing in the customer's daily use depends on a server. If you close, they keep working.

Humane's AI Pin stopped working in February 2025 when its servers were shut down after the company was sold²³.

Ships, mines, farms and field teams

Work done far from reliable internet.

Connections are expensive, slow or absent for long stretches, but the software still has to start every time.

Licences verify on the device itself, for as long as they run, with no need to come back into coverage.

The world's merchant fleet numbers about 109,000 large vessels²⁴. In 2025, 58% of people in rural areas were online, against 85% in cities⁴.

Exams and learning content

Question papers and course material distributed in many copies.

When a paper leaks, finding which copy it came from is slow and often impossible.

Each centre receives a subtly different copy of the text. A leaked paper identifies the centre it came from, and content opens offline on authorised machines only.

India's Supreme Court found that the 2024 NEET-UG paper leak, an exam sat by about 2.4 million candidates, was "not in dispute"²⁵.

Resellable software licences

Perpetual licences that customers are entitled to sell on.

In the EU, a customer may resell a perpetual licence, provided their own copy stops working.

Resale moves the licence to the buyer's computer and the seller's copy stops opening, so the condition is met automatically. You earn a royalty on each sale.

The EU Court of Justice held in UsedSoft v Oracle (2012) that such resale is lawful when the seller makes their copy unusable³¹. US law is less settled.